Yemeni coffee, particularly from the Bura (or Bure) area, is renowned for its rich flavor and historical significance in the coffee world. The Bura region is part of the lush highlands of Yemen, a country considered one of the cradles of coffee cultivation. Here's an overview:
Geographical Context
- Location: Bura is located in the western highlands of Yemen, within the Hodeidah Governorate. The region is characterized by terraced farming and steep mountainous terrain.
- Climate: The area benefits from a unique microclimate, with moderate temperatures and misty conditions, which contribute to the slow maturation of coffee cherries and the development of complex flavors.
Coffee Varietals
- Yemeni coffee is often of the Arabica species, with unique heirloom varietals such as Udaini, Dawairi, and Tuffahi. These varieties have been preserved for centuries, offering distinct genetic diversity.
- Bura coffee beans are often small and oval, reflecting their heirloom origins.
Processing Method
- The traditional natural (dry) processing method is used, where coffee cherries are dried with the fruit intact, imparting a fruity and wine-like complexity to the beans.
- Farmers dry the cherries on rooftops or raised beds, which contributes to the unique flavor profile of Yemeni coffee.
Flavor Profile
Bura coffee is celebrated for:
- Complexity: Notes of dried fruit, berries, chocolate, and wine-like acidity.
- Body: Full-bodied with a syrupy texture.
- Sweetness: High levels of natural sweetness balanced by a pleasant acidity.
Challenges in Production
- Water Scarcity: Yemen faces severe water shortages, impacting coffee cultivation.
- Terrace Farming: While beautiful, the steep terraces make large-scale mechanization impossible, so the process is entirely manual.
- Political Instability: Ongoing conflicts in Yemen have affected coffee production and exportation, often making Yemeni coffee rare and expensive.
Cultural and Historical Significance
- Yemen played a crucial role in the global history of coffee. Coffee cultivation and trade began in Yemen as early as the 15th century, with the port of Mocha being the center of the coffee trade, hence the term "Mocha coffee."
- Coffee from Yemen was historically associated with Sufi monks who used it to stay awake during long prayers.
